Chickens are susceptible to several parasites, including lice, mites, ticks, fleas, and intestinal worms, as well as other diseases. (Despite the name, they are not affected by Chickenpox; that is a disease of humans, not chickens.)
Some of the common diseases that affect chickens are shown below:
| Name | Common Name | Caused by |
| Aspergillosis | fungi | |
| Avian influenza | bird flu | virus |
| Histomoniasis | Blackhead disease | protozoal parasite |
| Botulism | toxin | |
| Cage Layer Fatigue | mineral deficiencies, lack of exercise | |
| Campylobacteriosis | tissue injury in the gut | |
| Coccidiosis | parasites | |
| Colds | virus | |
| Crop Bound | improper feeding | |
| Dermanyssus gallinae | Red mite | parasite |
| Egg bound | oversized egg | |
| Erysipelas | bacteria | |
| Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome | high-energy food | |
| Fowl Cholera | bacteria | |
| Fowl pox | virus | |
| Fowl Typhoid | bacteria | |
| Gallid herpesvirus 1 or Infectious Laryngotracheitis | virus | |
| Gapeworm | Syngamus trachea | worms |
| Infectious Bronchitis | virus | |
| Infectious Bursal Disease | Gumboro | virus |
| Infectious Coryza | bacteria | |
| Lymphoid leukosis | Avian leukosis virus | |
| Marek's disease | virus | |
| Moniliasis | Yeast Infection or Thrush | fungi |
| Mycoplasmas | bacteria-like organisms | |
| Newcastle disease | virus | |
| Necrotic Enteritis | bacteria | |
| Omphalitis | Mushy chick disease | umbilical cord stump |
| Prolapse | ||
| Psittacosis | bacteria | |
| Pullorum | Salmonella | bacteria |
| Scaly leg | parasites | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | cancer | |
| Tibial dyschondroplasia | speed growing | |
| Toxoplasmosis | protozoal parasite | |
| Ulcerative Enteritis | bacteria |
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